DVST8

GLOBAL

PRE-WORKOUT
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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

This is the first pre-workout in history to use 3D PUMP Breakthrough™ technology for increased vasodilation, strength, and power. Paired with NO-3T® nitrates, Peak O2® adaptogenic mushrooms, CoLEAN™, and more, this pre-workout has you covered on all fronts to deliver sustained energy, laser-like focus, and massive muscle pumps.*

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout
$44.99$44.99
Black NebulaMalibu BreezeSonoran Sunset

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In a world where the average has become disappointingly subpar, the determination to rise above mediocrity is not just an aspiration but a necessity. A startling number of individuals rarely step into the gym, and among those who do, most merely go through the motions so they can feel comfortable checking off another box.


However, there exists a higher standard – one that recognizes the incomparable power and freedom unleashed by maintaining a disciplined body and mind. This standard can only be cultivated with a holistic approach towards health and fitness.


To carve out your unique path in this demanding world, embracing a level of ruthlessness towards your workout regimen and dietary choices is imperative. But fear not, for you are not alone in this journey. With the advent of scientific breakthroughs and remarkable innovations in the supplement industry, a host of tools stand ready at your disposal, steering you towards the pinnacle of fitness and vigor.

ELEVATE YOUR ESSENCE

Over the past two decades, the supplement landscape has undergone a transformative journey from being dominated by obscure, questionably sourced ingredients to an array of sophisticated, consumer-centric performance-boosting formulas backed by extensive research. 


Embark on a journey towards the pinnacle of biological prowess with next-generation supplements that promise not just to rebuild your physique but to revolutionize your mental landscape, fortifying both body and spirit to craft a version of yourself that is – put simply – unbeatable. You must develop a degree of immunity to the entropy and decay that grips the majority.


Experience the Future with High Tech Pumps

While the industry has made great strides, the pre-workout sector has stagnated. With maturity comes commoditization and “me too” products. It's time to break free from the monotonous sea of identical products. 


It's time to embrace pre-workouts that leverage pioneering science to infuse your body with unparalleled energy and strength.

DVST8 Global: The Evolution of Pre-Workouts

We present to you DVST8 Global, our revolutionary answer to the mundane, repetitive pre-workout formulations flooding the market. This is not just a supplement; it's a testimony to our commitment to bringing you the absolute cutting-edge in fitness technology.


At its core lies the groundbreaking 3D PUMP Breakthrough blend, a synergistic mix geared towards promoting vasodilation, amplified strength, and unprecedented power. Coupled with the inclusion of PeakO2 adaptogenic mushrooms that cater to your body's unique needs, NO3-T nitrates for that extra burst of energy, and CoLEAN, a potent amalgamation of top-tier choline sources, DVST8 stands unrivaled in its category. Best of all, each and every ingredient in DVST8 Global is globally compliant.


Transform your workouts and transcend the ordinary with DVST8 Global. It's not just a product; it's a paradigm shift in how you approach your fitness journey, promising a you that's empowered, invigorated, and simply unmatched in prowess and vitality.


Join the revolution. Embrace the power of DVST8 Global. Step into a future where you are not just better; you are the best.


THE DVST8: GLOBAL FORMULA

  • Black Nebula
  • Malibu Breeze
  • Sonoran Sunset

Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural And Artificial Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium

Black Nebula

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout
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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

SWEETNESS

SOURNESS

FLAVOR BREAKDOWN

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

Black Nebula

SWEETNESS

SOURNESS

FLAVOR BREAKDOWN

$44.99$44.99

Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural And Artificial Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium

Malibu Breeze

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout
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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

SWEETNESS

SOURNESS

FLAVOR BREAKDOWN

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

Malibu Breeze

SWEETNESS

SOURNESS

FLAVOR BREAKDOWN

$44.99$44.99

Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Natural And Artificial Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium

Sonoran Sunset

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout
Sale Off
DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

SWEETNESS

SOURNESS

FLAVOR BREAKDOWN

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DVST8: Global­­ Pre-Workout

Sonoran Sunset

SWEETNESS

SOURNESS

FLAVOR BREAKDOWN

$44.99$44.99

The Truth Matrix

3D Pump Breakthrough (6000mg)

3DPUMP Breakthrough is a blend containing L-Citrulline, Glycerol, and Amla Fruit Extract. A full two-scoop serving provides 3 grams of vegan fermented L-citrulline, 1.2 grams of glycerol, and 200 milligrams of Amla fruit extract.


A placebo-controlled pilot study included in the patent revealed significant benefits of the blend over its individual components when tested on weight-trained men in their late 20s, especially when glycerol was combined with Amla; it led to greater gains in thigh circumference and total body mass.[1]

  • The role of Amla fruit extract (scientifically known as Phyllanthus emblica or Indian Gooseberry) in cardiovascular health due to its antioxidant properties and its potential in enhancing blood flow raises interest in its use in pre-workout supplements.[2,3]
  • L-Citrulline is known to enhance nitric oxide levels promoting vasodilation, thereby improving blood flow and facilitating better nutrient delivery to muscles. It is preferred over L-arginine due to its slower metabolism, which helps in effectively increasing nitric oxide levels in the body.[4,5] This amino acid is associated with several benefits including increased endurance and recovery, largely due to enhanced ATP production.[6-8]
  • Glycerol, known to promote "hyperhydration" by increasing water retention in the body, which can enhance endurance and thermoregulation when accompanied by sufficient water intake.[9-13] It also plays a critical role in cellular volumization pumps, a desirable effect for athletes.

Betaine Nitrate (NO3-T) (2000mg)

Betaine nitrate (NO3-T) has been included as an excellent source of nitrates. Nitrates naturally occur in various plants and vegetables and follow a distinct pathway in the body, transforming into nitrites and then into nitric oxide through a series of reactions involving different organs, including the intestines and salivary glands.[14-16] This nitrate-nitrite pathway operates independently but alongside the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway, producing similar favorable outcomes such as improved blood flow, enhanced exercise performance, and better endurance.[17]

PeakO2 (1000mg)

PeakO2 is an adaptogenic concoction formulated from six different mushroom species including cordyceps militaris, the primary component, and others like reishi and lion’s mane. These adaptogens aid in enhancing physical and mental performance by helping individuals adapt to various stresses, and by improving endurance and power levels.


Research studies have validated the effectiveness of PeakO2 in improving work capacity through better oxygen utilization and reducing lactate build-up in the body.[18,19] A 2015 study by the University of North Carolina revealed that consuming 1.3g of PeakO2 thrice daily for three weeks significantly improved time to exhaustion, power output, and VO2 Max in participants when compared to a control group.[18]


PeakO2 not only stands as a beneficial component for overall health and immunity but also serves as a boon for athletes seeking to boost their endurance.


PeakO2 (1000mg)

Betaine anhydrous (trimethylglycine) is known for aiding water transfer and retention in cells, and in synergy with glycerol in 3D PUMP, it enhances cell volumization. Studies suggest that varying doses of betaine can offer several athletic benefits including improvements in endurance and power, as well as increased muscle pumps when paired with high water intake.[20]


Research conducted in the late 2010s has demonstrated that a daily intake of 2.5 grams of betaine can foster muscle growth and enhance arm size in trained individuals.[21] This daily dose also showed to promote muscle protein synthesis, akin to the functions of creatine,[22] and was found beneficial in improving performance and reducing fat in women.[23] 


Global Wreck-Ignition

L-Tyrosine (1000mg)

L-Tyrosine is a popular addition to pre-workout supplements due to its role as a precursor to several “feel-good” neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and dopamine, which can increase alertness and focus while reducing anxiety and stress[24]. In pre-workout contexts, it can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, enhancing the "fight" response in the "fight or flight" mode, which is beneficial during workouts.


Moreover, research from the US military has highlighted L-Tyrosine’s effectiveness in aiding individuals who are sleep-deprived, enhancing their performance especially when used alongside caffeine.[25,26]

Betaine Nitrate (NO3-T) (2000mg)

Betaine nitrate (NO3-T) has been included as an excellent source of nitrates. Nitrates naturally occur in various plants and vegetables and follow a distinct pathway in the body, transforming into nitrites and then into nitric oxide through a series of reactions involving different organs, including the intestines and salivary glands.[14-16] This nitrate-nitrite pathway operates independently but alongside the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway, producing similar favorable outcomes such as improved blood flow, enhanced exercise performance, and better endurance.[17]

CoLEAN (1000mg)

CoLEAN, which provides 400 milligrams of total choline derived from a combination of Alpha-GPC, Choline DL-Bitartrate, and Citicoline. This blend is favored for fostering improved cognition and enhancing the “mind-muscle connection” during workouts compared to single-ingredient choline supplements.


Choline, essential for healthy organ function and cellular structure,[27,28] is used in pre-workout supplements primarily as a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, dubbed "the learning neurotransmitter." Acetylcholine plays a pivotal role in signaling muscle contractions, supporting balance, coordination, memory, and general learning, thus enhancing the workout experience.[29-31]


The CoLEAN blend is characterized by different bioavailability profiles, mechanisms, and uptake speeds due to the unique properties of its individual components:

  • Alpha-GPC is favored for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and facilitate the synthesis of acetylcholine, contributing to its recent popularity.[32]
  • Choline DL-Bitartrate is noted for its bioactive L-form, which is more effective in the human body.
  • Citicoline can potentially elevate levels of norepinephrine and dopamine while also increasing dopamine receptor density, thereby creating a positive feedback loop during its use.[33]

Caffeine Anhydrous (325mg)

DVST8 Global contains a whopping 325 milligrams of caffeine. Research shows that caffeine enhances performance by crossing the blood-brain barrier to inhibit adenosine and phosphodiesterase, reducing fatigue and slightly increasing fat oxidation, which provides more energy during workouts.[34-37] Caffeine has also been associated with increased strength and power.[38-40]

SYNapsis (132mg)

Citrus Aurantium, standardized to 30% alkaloids, offers a substantial, but not overwhelming, dose of the popular fat burner, synephrine.


Synephrine targets beta-3 adrenergic receptors found in adipose tissue, enhancing the body’s fat oxidation capability through cAMP activation, without causing a significant surge in blood pressure or heart rate.[41,42] A 2016 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 18 healthy participants indicated that synephrine could notably increase fat oxidation rates during exercise compared to a placebo. It works well in conjunction with caffeine, promoting fat oxidation while training.[43,44]

Methylliberine (125mg)

Methylliberine, also known by its trademark name Dynamine, which is utilized as a "neuroactivation" ingredient in DVST8 Global. It is featured at a 40% strength, equating to 50 milligrams of active methylliberine. This amount is noted to enhance cognitive well-being and potentially improve mental energy, performance, and focus, especially when used synergistically with caffeine.


Methylliberine has been shown to boost energy in a manner akin to caffeine without impacting the cardiovascular system in the same way caffeine does.[45-48] It operates by increasing the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine while also inhibiting adenosine.

Theobromine (50mg)

Theobromine shares similarities with caffeine in terms of brain effects, helping to inhibit phosphodiesterase and adenosine, but it has a longer half-life[49] which results in sustained energy. Its inclusion in the supplement aims to enhance the experience by smoothing out the energetic impacts of caffeine and Dynamine, creating a more prolonged energy profile and possibly enhancing the "feel" compared to caffeine alone, based on findings from a study.[50]


Pursue Excellence

Haphazardly and intermittently pursuing optimal health will get you nowhere, fast. Achieving elite levels of fitness and general wellness demands elite levels of dedication – mastery, even. 


A master needs the right tools for the trade, and DVST8 Global is the perfect addition to your arsenal. With this next-generation pre-workout, you’ll be able to hit the gym harder and for longer, allowing you to provide the perfect amount of constructive destruction required to unleash your body into what it was designed to be, in all of its glory.

Customer Reviews

Based on 25 reviews
80%
(20)
8%
(2)
4%
(1)
0%
(0)
8%
(2)
M
M.D.l.R.
Amazing pre

This is an amazing pre workout. I feel like I can lift a lot more than when using other pre workouts. Definitely recommend this over the typical pre you’d get.

B
Bobby H.
Great

Great

C
Chris C.
awsome energy with no jitters:+1:

awsome energy with no jitters:+1:

H
Hugo S.
No crash

Purely clean energy and focus

A
Austin C.
Great pumps, Great Flavor

Great flavor, good pumps, and gave me energy throughout my entire workout. Package came very fast! Going to be ordering again in the future for sure!

REFERENCES

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  2. Khanna, Savita, et al. “Supplementation of a Standardized Extract from Phyllanthus Emblica Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Platelet Aggregation in Overweight/Class-1 Obese Adults.” Journal of Medicinal Food, vol. 18, no. 4, Apr. 2015, pp. 415–420, 10.1089/jmf.2014.0178; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4390209/

  3. Mirunalini, S., and M. Krishnaveni. “Therapeutic Potential of Phyllanthus Emblica (Amla): The Ayurvedic Wonder.” Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, vol. 21, no. 1, Jan. 2010, 10.1515/jbcpp.2010.21.1.93; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20506691/

  4. Castillo, L, et al. “Splanchnic Metabolism of Dietary Arginine in Relation to Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Normal Adult Man.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 90, no. 1, 1 Jan. 1993, pp. 193–197; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC45626/

  5. Wu, Guoyao. “Intestinal Mucosal Amino Acid Catabolism.” The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 128, no. 8, 1 Aug. 1998, pp. 1249–1252, 10.1093/jn/128.8.1249; https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/128/8/1249/4722724

  6. Giannesini B., et. al.; European Journal of Pharmacology; “Citrulline malate supplementation increases muscle efficiency in rat skeletal muscle;” September 2011; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664351

  7. Perez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM; Journal of Strength and Conditioning; “Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness;” May 2010; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386132

  8. Hickner RC. et. al.; Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise; “L-citrulline reduces time to exhaustion and insulin response to a graded exercise test;” 2006; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16679980

  9. Patlar, Suleyman, et al. “The Effect of Glycerol Supplements on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance of Athletes and Sedentary Subjects.” Journal of Human Kinetics, vol. 34, no. 1, 1 Oct. 2012, pp. 69–79, 10.2478/v10078-012-0065-x. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590833/

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  11. Montner, P., et al. “Pre-Exercise Glycerol Hydration Improves Cycling Endurance Time.” International Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 17, no. 1, 1 Jan. 1996, pp. 27–33, 10.1055/s-2007-972804. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8775573/

  12. Patlar, Suleyman, et al. “The Effect of Glycerol Supplements on Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance of Athletes and Sedentary Subjects.” Journal of Human Kinetics, vol. 34, no. 1, 1 Oct. 2012, pp. 69–79, 10.2478/v10078-012-0065-x. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590833/

  13. Anderson, M. J., et al. “Effect of Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration on Thermoregulation and Metabolism during Exercise in the Heat.” International Journal of Sport Nutrition, vol. 11, no. 3, 29 Sept. 2001, pp. 315–333. https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/effect-of-glycerol-induced-hyperhydration-on-thermoregulation-and

  14. Lundberg, Jon O., and Mirco Govoni. “Inorganic Nitrate Is a Possible Source for Systemic Generation of Nitric Oxide.” Free Radical Biology & Medicine, vol. 37, no. 3, 1 Aug. 2004, pp. 395–400, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.027. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15223073/

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  17. Hoon, Matthew W., et al. “The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, vol. 23, no. 5, Oct. 2013, pp. 522–532, 10.1123/ijsnem.23.5.522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23580439/

  18. Hirsch, K. R., Mock, M. G., Roelofs, E. J., Trexler, E. T., & Smith-Ryan, A. E.; “Chronic supplementation of a mushroom blend on oxygen kinetics, peak power, and time to exhaustion”; Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(Suppl 1), P45; 2015; Full source available at https://blog.priceplow.com/wp-content/uploads/hirsch-cordyceps_militaris_improves_tolerance_to_high_intensity_exercise_after_acute_and_chronic_supplementation.pdf (abstract at https://www.jissn.com/content/12/S1/P45)

  19. Wesley David Dudgeon, Dennison David Thomas, William Dauch, Timothy Paul Scheett, and Michael John Webster; “The Effects of High and Low-Dose Cordyceps Militaris-Containing Mushroom Blend Supplementation After Seven and Twenty-Eight Days”; American Journal of Sports Science; 2018; 6(1): 1-7; http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=155&doi=10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.11 (full-text PDF)

  20. Lee, Elaine C et al; “Ergogenic effects of betaine supplementation on strength and power performance”; Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition; vol. 7 27. 19; Jul. 2010; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2915951/

  21. Cholewa JM, Wyszczelska-Rokiel M, Glowacki R et al; “Effects of betaine on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone”; J Int Soc Sports Nutr; 10:39; 2013; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844502/

  22. del Favero S, et al; “Creatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performance”; Amino Acids; 2012; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21744011

  23. Jason Michael Cholewa, et al; “The Effects of Chronic Betaine Supplementation on Body Composition and Performance in Collegiate Females: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial”; Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition; BioMed Central; 31 July 2018; https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-018-0243-x

  24. Pietz J, Landwehr R, Kutscha A, Schmidt H, de Sonneville L, Trefz FK. Effect of high-dose tyrosine supplementation on brain function in adults with phenylketonuria. J Pediatr. 1995;127(6):936-943; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8523192

  25. Attipoe, Selasi, et al. “Tyrosine for Mitigating Stress and Enhancing Performance in Healthy Adult Humans, a Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Literature.” Military Medicine, vol. 180, no. 7, July 2015, pp. 754–765, 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00594; https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/180/7/754/4160625

  26. Pomeroy, Diane E., et al. “A Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Supplements on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Young Adults and Military Personnel.” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 2, 20 Feb. 2020, p. 545, 10.3390/nu12020545; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071459/

  27. Ueland, P. M.; “Choline and betaine in health and disease;” Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease; 2010; 34(1), 3–15; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1007/s10545-010-9088-4

  28. Sanders LM, Zeisel SH; “Choline: Dietary Requirements and Role in Brain Development;” Nutrition today; 2007;42(4):181-186; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2518394/

  29. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al.; “Neuroscience;” 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. Acetylcholine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11143/

  30. Hasselmo ME; “The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory;” Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006;16(6):710–715; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659740/

  31. Jones BE; “From waking to sleeping: neuronal and chemical substrates”. Trends Pharmacol. Sci.; 2005; 26 (11): 578–86; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16183137

  32. Marcus L, et al; “Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance;” J Int Soc Sports Nutr; 2017;14:39; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629791/

  33. Secades, JJ; “Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2016 update;” Rev Neurol; 2017; https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Julio_Secades/publication/317167480_Citicoline_pharmacological_and_clinical_review_2016_update/links/59280785a6fdcc444353790e/Citicoline-pharmacological-and-clinical-review-2016-update.pdf

  34. Goldstein, E.R., Ziegenfuss, T., Kalman, D. et al.; “International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance”; J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7, 5 (2010); https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5

  35. Norager, C. B., et al. “Metabolic Effects of Caffeine Ingestion and Physical Work in 75-Year Old Citizens. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-over Study.” Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 65, no. 2, Aug. 2006, pp. 223–228, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02579.x; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16886964/

  36. Astrup, A, et al. “Caffeine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Its Thermogenic, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Effects in Healthy Volunteers.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 51, no. 5, 1 May 1990, pp. 759–767, 10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759; https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/51/5/759/4695347

  37. Keijzers, Gerben B., et al. “Caffeine Can Decrease Insulin Sensitivity in Humans.” Diabetes Care, vol. 25, no. 2, 1 Feb. 2002, pp. 364–369; https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/2/364.long

  38. McCormack, William P, et. al. Strength and Conditioning Journal; “Caffeine, Energy Drinks, and Strength-Power Performance;” August 2012; Volume 34, Issue 4, 11–16; https://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/Fulltext/2012/08000/Caffeine,_Energy_Drinks,_and_Strength_Power.3.aspx,%20full-text%20at

  39. Barry, R. J., Clarke, A. R. Clinical Neurophysiology; “Caffeine and opening the eyes have additive effects on resting arousal measures;” , 122(10), 2010-2015; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21489866

  40. Astrup, A., Toubro, S. et. al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; “Caffeine: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers;” The, 1990; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333832

  41. Stohs, Sidney J., et al. “A Review of the Human Clinical Studies Involving Citrus Aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and Its Primary Protoalkaloid P-Synephrine.” International Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 9, no. 7, 2012, pp. 527–538, 10.7150/ijms.4446. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3444973/

  42. Schena, Giorgia, and Michael J. Caplan. “Everything You Always Wanted to Know about β3-AR * (* but Were Afraid to Ask).” Cells, vol. 8, no. 4, 16 Apr. 2019, p. 357, 10.3390/cells8040357. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6523418/

  43. Gutiérrez-Hellín, Jorge, and Juan Del Coso. “Acute P-Synephrine Ingestion Increases Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise.” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 82, no. 2, 7 May 2016, pp. 362–368, 10.1111/bcp.12952. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972152/

  44. Ratamess, Nicholas A., et al. “The Effects of Supplementation with P-Synephrine Alone and in Combination with Caffeine on Resistance Exercise Performance.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 12, no. 1, 17 Sept. 2015, 10.1186/s12970-015-0096-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573476

  45. Roberto, Mike; “Dynamine: A Neuroactivating “Stimulant” by Compound Solutions”; The PricePlow Blog; Feb. 5, 2018; https://blog.priceplow.com/supplement-ingredients/dynamine

  46. Roberto, Mike; “Dynamine Achieves GRAS Status With Several New Safety Studies!”; The PricePlow Blog; July 5, 2019; https://blog.priceplow.com/dynamine/gras

  47. Murbach, TS et al; “A Toxicological Evaluation of Methylliberine (Dynamine)”; Journal of Toxicology; 2019; https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/2019/4981420/

  48. VanDusseldorp, TA et al; “Effect of Dynamine With and Without TeaCrine Over Four Weeks of Continuous Use on Cardiovascular Function and Psychometric Parameters of Healthy Males and Females”; Nutrients; 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339655396_Safety_of_Short-Term_Supplementation_with_Methylliberine_DynamineR_Alone_and_in_Combination_with_TeaCrineR_in_Young_Adults

  49. Martínez-Pinilla E. et al. Feb. 2015. “The Relevance of Theobromine for the Beneficial Effects of Cocoa Consumption.” Frontiers of Pharmacology vol. 6:30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335269/

  50. Baggott, Matthew J., et al. “Psychopharmacology of Theobromine in Healthy Volunteers.” Psychopharmacology, vol. 228, no. 1, 19 Feb. 2013, pp. 109–118, 10.1007/s00213-013-3021-0; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672386/


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